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Apply Valuation

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You have now built the tools in Valuation. The next task is to apply them to the supplied fictional case. Start with the objective and constraints. Record your first decision and the evidence supporting it. Work the numbers using consistent definitions and units. Invite the strongest reasonable challenge. When new information arrives, keep your first record and explain what changes. Finish with a conditional conclusion: what you would do, why, what remains uncertain and what evidence would trigger a review. This is a teaching exercise with fictional information. The quality of your reasoning matters more than whether a simulated outcome later looks favourable.

Review valuation.

Twenty questions in four groups of five: foundations, calculation, interpretation and judgement. Attempt all questions in your notes, then open explanations. Aim for 16/20, revisit misunderstandings and retry. This website version is self-marked practice.

Check your understanding · choose one

20m shares at £8 gives equity market value…

Correct. 20×8 = 160.

Reconsider this choice. 20×8 = 160. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Equity 160 + debt 50 − excess cash 30 gives…

Correct. The simplified enterprise bridge is 160+50−30.

Reconsider this choice. The simplified enterprise bridge is 160+50−30. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Good profit growth below expectations can…

Correct. Interpret news relative to prior expectations and other information.

Reconsider this choice. Interpret news relative to prior expectations and other information. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Ask 8.10, bid 7.90, 100 shares round-trip costs…

Correct. 100×(8.10−7.90) = 20.

Reconsider this choice. 100×(8.10−7.90) = 20. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

EV/EBITDA at current EV180 and EBITDA42 is about…

Correct. 180/42 = 4.2857.

Reconsider this choice. 180/42 = 4.2857. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

5.5x £42m EBITDA gives…

Correct. 5.5×42 = 231.

Reconsider this choice. 5.5×42 = 231. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

EV231, net debt20, shares20 gives…

Correct. (231−20)/20 = 10.55.

Reconsider this choice. (231−20)/20 = 10.55. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Applying a P/E multiple gives a matching…

Correct. The numerator and earnings claim must match.

Reconsider this choice. The numerator and earnings claim must match. Try another answer.

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PV of £60 in year 2 at 10% is about…

Correct. 60/1.1² = 49.5868.

Reconsider this choice. 60/1.1² = 49.5868. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

A £100 project with £60 at years1/2 and r10% has NPV about…

Correct. Discount the two receipts and subtract the initial 100.

Reconsider this choice. Discount the two receipts and subtract the initial 100. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

FCFF 41.6×.75 +6−18−7.2 equals…

Correct. Operating after-tax profit 31.2 becomes FCFF12 after investment.

Reconsider this choice. Operating after-tax profit 31.2 becomes FCFF12 after investment. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

75% equity at12%, 25% debt at4% after tax gives WACC…

Correct. 9% + 1% = 10%.

Reconsider this choice. 9% + 1% = 10%. Try another answer.

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FCF3=16, g2%, r10% gives terminal value at year3…

Correct. 16×1.02/(.10−.02) = 204.

Reconsider this choice. 16×1.02/(.10−.02) = 204. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Terminal value at year3 should be…

Correct. Keep timing explicit and discount consistently.

Reconsider this choice. Keep timing explicit and discount consistently. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Harbour base DCF per share is about…

Correct. The independently calculated EV187.769 less net debt20, divided by20, gives8.3884.

Reconsider this choice. The independently calculated EV187.769 less net debt20, divided by20, gives8.3884. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

The grid at r11%, g1% gives about…

Correct. Keep explicit FCFF fixed and recalculate terminal and present values.

Reconsider this choice. Keep explicit FCFF fixed and recalculate terminal and present values. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

Divisions 28×5 and16×6 total…

Correct. 140+96 =236 before central costs.

Reconsider this choice. 140+96 =236 before central costs. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

SOTP236−central20−netdebt20, divided by20 shares gives…

Correct. Separate operating and financing deductions.

Reconsider this choice. Separate operating and financing deductions. Try another answer.

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A chosen valuation range is…

Correct. A range does not establish its own probability or convergence.

Reconsider this choice. A range does not establish its own probability or convergence. Try another answer.

Check your understanding · choose one

A balanced recommendation should…

Correct. The case needs evidence, limitations and a decision rule.

Reconsider this choice. The case needs evidence, limitations and a decision rule. Try another answer.

The valuation committee

Write 300–450 words recommending a next step for a hypothetical analysis of Harbour at £8. Use the relative, DCF and SOTP work. No real trade is required and there is no prescribed buy/sell answer.

  • Reconcile equity market value and EV.
  • Compare at least two methods with a common per-share basis.
  • Explain the strongest contrary case and the limits of the sensitivity range.
  • Prioritise two evidence gaps and state what would change your mind.

Original practice rubric · 15 marks

  • Evidence and arithmetic (4 marks): Correct calculations, units, source trail and clearly stated assumptions.
  • Analysis (4 marks): Explains business mechanisms and connects the statements or valuation drivers.
  • Balanced judgement (4 marks): Addresses a credible alternative, weighs limitations and reaches a conditional conclusion.
  • Communication and review (3 marks): A clear note with prioritised missing evidence and observable review triggers.
Indicative response after your own attempt

The current market cap is160 and EV180 under the simple bridge. Base DCF8.39 offers a small conditional gap, while its6.60–11.36 grid spans below and above price. Relative8.45–10.55 depends on peer quality; SOTP8.70–10.90 depends on division/corporate assumptions and is not breakup proceeds. A defensible analyst may defer pending customer and reinvestment evidence or state a conditional view. Explain weighting, shared forecast risks, terminal dependence and observable review triggers.

This is an On Judgement classroom rubric, not an official AQA mark scheme.

What comes next

Continue to Investing Judgement: build the investment case, then investigate the human side of decisions.